Clipping machine



Mar. 3, 1925.

G. BoEsH CLIPPING MACHINE Filed July 14, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 ma vwefwtoz Mar. 3, 1925. 1,528,524

- 5. BoEscH CLIPPING MACHINE Filed July 14, 1920 :5 sheets-sheet c,

li'atented Mar. 3, i925.

GUsTAv Bonson, oF'DANBUnY, coNNEcTIcU'r.

CLIPPING MACHINE.

Application filed July 14, 1920. Serial No. 396,268.

To all whomt may concern:

Be it known that I, GUs'rAv Bonson, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Danbury, in the county of Fairfield and ,State of Connecticut, have Iinvented an Improvement in Clipping Machines, of which the followingis a specification. i

This invention' relates to the art of fur preparation, and with regard to its more specific features to apparatus for severing the projecting Yhair from pelt above the fur. One `of the objects of the invention is to provide a fur preparing machine, which shall be simple and durable in construction, and reliable in action.

Another object is to provide a machine of the ,above type, which shall speedilyand effectively remove hair projectingv above the surface of the furproper, without danger offdamaging the fur.

Another object is to provide .apparatis of the above type, which slll be readily adjustable even by an unskilled person for proper treatment of different /kinds of fur,

and shall be substantially proof against mal-f adjustment. s y,

Another object is to provide apparatus of the above type, 'which shall automatically and reliably remove the severed hair from the operating parts of the apparatus.

Another object is` to provlde a machine Whose wearing parts are readily7 adjustable to .restore satisfactory operation..

. Other objects will be in part obviousand in'part pointed out'hereinafter. The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts, which will be exemplified in the construction heref inafrter set forth, and the scope of the appli.- cation of which will be indicated in the following claims. n j

Inthe accompanying drawings whereinis shown one of various possible embodiments of the several vfeatures of this invention, Fig. l, is a plan view of my machine." Fig. 2, is a transverse sectional view taken along the line 2 2 of Fig. g1 and viewed in the direction of the arrow. f l Fig. 3, is a longitudinal sectional f view taken along the line 3 3 of Figmupon kan enlarged scale. A t

Figs. 4, 5, 6,are detail views of the stationary knife element and the means for .mounting the same.

Fi 7, is a side view on an enlarged scale showlng the adjusting and locking means of my skin holding frame, and j Fig. 8 is an end view of the same on a similarly enlarged scale.

Fig. 9 is a side view partly in section of my bearin Fig. 10 1s a top view of my bearing, journal cap being removed, and ,c j Fig. 11 is a front viewof my rotary operating member.` v

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the different views of the drawings.A

Referring now to the drawings and more particularly to Figs. 1' and 2, I have shown a base 1, formy machine, preferably resting on standards 2. Rigidly .connected to the top of the base, preferably `by casting integrally therewith are journal boxes '3, 4 and 5, which are aligned to support the power shaft 6, preferably extending beyond journal -boX 5 and having mounted upon such extension, a pulley 7 through which driving power vmay be applied.

I preferably employ a special form of bearing construction for shaft 6, which will be 'more fully described below. A

Upon the shaft 6, I preferably secure by a key or equivalent means, the cylindrical kthe hub 8 (see Fig. 3) of a Irotaryhair removing member or cutter. This rotary cutter preferably includes a' plurality of equidistant blades 9, preferably integrally formed with.v the hub, each blade intersecting said hub preferably along a helicalline asat 10 in Fig. 11. j

The operative edge llvof each-blade, is

referably of helical form'. The blade itselfp as shown at 12 in" Fig. 3, is undercut, thatis, its width does not extend radially. from the hub, but it is concave von its forward side along any sectiontaken' transversely thereof.` Theentirerotary member,

that is, thel hub 8 with the' blades 9, is preferably integrally formed, lending itselfthus to fconvenient manufacture l as well as to durability and ruggedness of construction;

fand, as above set forth, each blade member 9, in being undercut as at 12, and in extending outwardly at a progressively increasing inclination with respect to` the radius, permits of the formation at its outer end of a cutting edge or cutting blade section 11 which may thus, and preferably does, extend at an angle to the radius itself. In Fig. 3, in which the rotary cutting member 8 with its blades 9 is seen in end elevation, this relation of the extreme cutting, ends or edges of the blades 9 is clearly shown. and it will be noted that upon rotation-ot the cutter in clockwise'direction as viewed in this figure, each cutting end or blade section 11 of each blade is moved in a direction substantially coincident with or approaching* its owii plane. Each blade, when coacting with the stationary knife element. 13, hereinafter more clearly described, is thus enabled to. bring about a precise and nice cutting action, and when operating upon pelts and fur-bearing skins, and particularlywhee very fine hairs have' to be severed, it will be readily appreciated that efficiency and speed of operation, as well as uniformity in result, depend to a material extent upon a good and continuous severing and cutting action. By'thisfeature of construction undesirable and ineffective or evenpartial .twisting off, breaking and crunching action upon the hairs, which action would otherwise take place, is avoided. In this connection it might be noted that the locus or path of travel of the c tting edge or edges is a cylinder of revolution, and that the above efficient cutting action as dis-v,y tinguished from a crunching action is at least in part brought about because'the plane of the cutting ends or edges of the blades 9 is directed into, and approaches coincidence with, the cylinder generated by the cutting edges. I preferably form lthe pitch of my helical `edges 11 such that a plane through the center of my hub andthe end of any blade will intersect an adjoining blade. Mounted upon the base 1 is a slide 30 transversely adjustableV of the machine byl means hereinafter described. On this slide f. is a hair-box 16 encasing the upper portion 50 of the rotary cutter and tapered into a discharge passage 17. The substantially cylindrical inner surface of the box and 1ts general ,shape tend to produce the suction hereinafter 'referredjto in detail, and the tapering conformation into the discharge'or-ex- .haust passage avoids recesses in which the 'Y silair clippings `would tend to collect. This airrbox is secured to the slide as by the screws 103 and adjustment; of the slide will correspondingly jadjust the hair-box to' bring it with its `associated parts into proper relation to the edges of the cutters when\ 'the latter are sharpened and thus '"groun away. The ends of the hair box are su s stantially closed as by end walls 16* 'suitably are made.

secured to the end portions of the member v16, and these end walls are preferably slotted horizontally, as at 16b (see Fig. 3), to permit relative movelnent between thc hair box 16 andthe shaft 6 to take place 7b when adjustments as hereinabove described Secured to a lug 19 near the top of the hair box, there is preferably provided a guide plate 20, whose lower edge 21 is some- 75 what above shaft 6 and extends substantially to the path of edges 11 on blade 9. It will thus be noted not only that the lower edge 21 of the guide plate 20 is closely adjacent the path of travel of the edges 11 on 8" the blades 9, but also that the edge 14 of a stationary knife element 13, more clearly described hereinafter, is substantially coincident with an element of the surface of revolution made by the cutting edges of the S5 blades of the rotary member 8; the aperture thus formed between the edges 21 and 14 is furthermore, as will be clear from Figure 3, relatively narrow so that the resultant aperture presents an effective opening in a direc- 9" tion tangential to the cylinder of revolution lformed by the rotating cutting edges of the members 9, which tangential opening is so slight that substantially no air can be discharged' through this small tangential open- 9 ing by 'the centrifugal action produced by the rotating member 9. On the other hand, the discharge passage 17 is relatively large and presents a much greater effective tangential opening, thus permitting air that is pocketed on the concave sides of the blades 9 to be tangenti ally thrown out of the apparatus by centrifugal force. This difference in effective -tangential openings, together` with the rapidly rotating air-pocketing 107 blades 9 of the rotary member 8, is effective -to achieve au outward movement of air throughlthe discharge'passage 17 with a resultant inwardmovement of air through the aperture .formed by the plate 20` and the 110 knife element 13. and this inward movement of air through Athis latter aperture is in turn effective to draw the fine hair of the skin or pelt inwardly through the aperturey and thus position it in the path of movement o'f 115 the cutting edges 11 of the rotating blades 9. The guide pfate 20 is preferably secured to the hair box by screws 21', extending through elongated slots 22 to permit adjustment. B'y this means the size of the aperture .120 between the plate 2() and the upper cutting edge 14 of the knife element 13 may be adjusted, thereby to vary the velocity of iLtlow fof ,air-therethrough and thus 'to adjust at will the proper'presenting of the individual 125 hairs into'the path'of the cutting edges or the blades 9,0ffthe rotary member 8, as is clearly shown in'Fig. 3.

Mounted lsomewhat below .the axis of the rotary operator, I provide a. stationary knife element'lfiv'hose cutting edge 14 is parallel to-shaft`6g... The edge of blade 9 in operation,

passes in .close proximity to-stationary .ed

^ 14,56 that in view of its helical shape, t e

"-.formerwill intersect 'knife' 14 at on of the cutting edges 11 in having their respective planes, instead of moving transversely past the stationary edge 14 of the cutting element 13, move 1n a direction approaching coincidence witli the generated surface of revolution. Before any blade has completed its action the succeeding one will start effective operation in view of the-pitch relation above set forth, thus making the cutting actioncontinuous. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the ends ofthe rotary-operai tor are preferably in close proximity to adjacent journal. boxes 3 and 4.

I prefer to secure-knife 13 in an inclined positioin aganstinclined surface 104l of the knife holderor support 105 b the use of a frame made of two standar s 23 and 24, bolted to the sides, of-r the knife holder or support 105 as show at 25 and 26 and further held against displacement byset pins i 25 and 26', the sides of knife 13 being preferably bevelledy as shown at 27, and the standards 23 and 24 having co-operating bevtionl.

blade edges to tightly hol the same in posi- Each of theJ standards23 and' 24 is provided with a pro'ection 29 against which the ends or edge of lade 14 abut, thus quickly and .accurately locating the ed in its proper position for co-acting wit the rotary cutter in clipping the hair. Thus it will be seen that whenever the knife element 13 is removed, as, for example, for purposes of sharpening its edge 14, or whenever the blade 13 is replaced, the edge thereof'which coacts with the rota cutter is at once positioned in or restore?I to its proper relation with respect to the rotary cutter, thereby avoiding the necessity of readjustin'g the knife-holder 105, the slide 30 or associated rafts i c The knife holder'` or support 105 has its upper part preferably concave as shown at 106 to complement the inner surface of the hair-box. The edges 11 of the-blades will thus pass in proximity to said concavity.

The knife holder or support 105 is clamped.

to the slide 30 by a single screw 101 provided with a shoulder 106 abutting the lower surface of said slide, and the holder or support 105 may thus be pivoted about the axis of elcw 10,1 and Swungbout this axis withA ately rel ted parts are suitably formedbn i shaped with respect to one another to permit this pivotal adjustment of the holder 105 to take place. It might further be pointed out also that this pivotal adjustment will in general be of relativel slight extent.

- I form the edges 11 o my rotaryk cutter, and edge 14 of myY stationary knife sharp, so

as to produce the cutting action above set i forth in an .,eilicie'nt manner. Although I prefer to thus form my clipping elements lwith sharp edges, it'is to be understood that the' term knife blade or .,knife element as applied to the stationary` member is to be broadly interpreted, to include a generally similar construction, intended to loperate with a dull rather than a sharp edge, inasmuch as certain features and advantages of this'invention may be^achieved where the v .edge of this ymember 13 is dull rather than sharp.

The slide 30 with all parts mounted thereon'is adjustable inposition as shown in Fig.

3,\ to simultaneously bring the stationary knife-and the guide plate into position for r I accomplish this, by providing a tapped transverse openin which is threade feedscrew has an unthreaded shank 35, passing through a downwardly extending lug 36 preferably integral with slide'30. A flange 38 on shank 35 rests against the inner surface of 'lug 36, and knurled `head'37 of the feedsclrew abuts the outer surface of this lug.-`

accurate cooperation with the rotary memelled projections 28, fttin over the bevelled be 34 in vbase \1, within A a feedscrew 34.' .This

It is thus seen that rotation of head 37 will cause feedscrew 34 to work out of its thread, whereby fiange 38 moves lug 36 and wlth 1t knifeholder or support 105.*hairbox 17 and.

slide 30 to the left, until' the blade 13 and plate 20 simultaneously reach the proper position relative to the rrotary element.

I provide a screw 31 extendin vertically upward from below base 1, free y through1 2 slidei30 as at elongated slot 31 and threaded into knifeholder or support 105. This screw has a head 32 adapted to befirmly clamped against the bottom` of base 1, to thereby4 rigidlv secure slide 30 and# its attached4 parts into their adjusted position.

eIt will be noted, however. that tightening` the screw 31-32 clamps the holder or support 105 and slide 30 rigidlyr to the base or.

frame member 1. and that the single clampscrewlrfg'prmits the previously adjusted parts to be 4fixed in adjusted position in a highlyl convenient yet thoroughly reliable manner.

To place the skin to be treated in proper relation to the operating elements, and to hold it there for treatment, Lprovide a work carriage to be now described:

Two parallel rods, 39 and 40, are provided, extending transversely of base 1, one near each end j of said base. Rod 39 passes through acorresponding opening in journal box 5, and rod 40 extends through a lug 41 castupon base 1.

The base 1, is preferably provided with integral extensions 42 and 43', near the ends of which are provided integral upstanding perforated lugs 44 and45, through which the rear 'end of rods 39 and 40 respectively, extend. Each lrod thus .passing through two the rod, these rods are kept in proper parallel'alignment.

ing a transversely extending stud 48 formed integrally therewith and adapted to receive the tubular cross member 49. Thestuds 48 of the fixtures 46 andl47 are of such diame-A ter with respect to the inside diameter of the Cal tubular cross member 49 that they may be readily forced therein to forma rigid connection with the fixt `es 46 and 47 and hence also .with the rods3 and 40. Thus a rigid unitary structure is formed with the i'ods 39 and 40 to facilitate the proper longitudinali movement of the rods39 and 40 within thei bearings. The cross member 49, being of tubular construction, makes for a maximum strength and rigidity together with a mini- 'muml of weight. o

A skin supporting member 60, formed preferably of a suitable steel rod and bent into substantially the for'in as illustrated in Figure 1 to have its two ends 58 and 59 substantially parallel to each other and to provide a skin supporting section 60 thereof parallel to the shaft 6 is mounted upon the rods 39 and 40 by means of suitable fixtures to permit of the adjustmentof the skin supporting section 60 in a manner to be hereinafter described.

The adjusting and locking means for the skin holding frame 6() for securing the latter to the rods\"39 and'40 are similar in construction and .referring to Figures 7 and 8 wherein one of these means is illustrated on an enlarged scale, it will be noted that I provide a. split clamping member 50 mounted upon the rod 40 and adapted to be clamped firmly thereto by means of the cap vscrew 51.l The clam ing member 50 is provided with a vertica extension 52 which is faced off to forma substantial bearing suraligned openings of substantially the size of' face for the machine face of an extension 53 of a second clamping member 54 adapted to receive the section 59 of the skin holding frame 60, the section 59 being securely clamped therein by means of the cap screw 55, A clamping screw 56 passes through the extension 53 of the clampin member 54 and is threaded into tie eX- tension 52 of the clamping member 50, and it will be noted that the clamping member 54 with its associated skin holding frame 60 may be pivoted about the clamping screw 56 as shown in the dotted line position in Figure 7 and securely clamped in any such desired position. Such adjustment' or rotation of the clamping -niembers 54 about the clamping screws 56 permits of the adjustment of the skin supporting section 60 to the proper elevation with respect to the blades 9and the cutting edge. 14 of the knife element 13. The contacting faces of the clamping members 52 and 53 are of sufficient 'expanse so that the several associated parts are securely held in the desired adjusted position when the clamping screws 56 are tightened. e

The pelt or skin supporting member 60 is adjustable with respect to the cutting elements by means of the clamping members 50 and 54 by means of which the clamping member 50 with its associated parts and the skin holding member' 60 may be positioned at any desired location longitudinally'of the rods 39 and 40. Furthermore the parallel ends y58 and'59 of the skin holdin .frame may be adjustably positioned wit' the clamping members 54 to give the desired r e lation in a horizontal (plane `between the skin holding section 60 an the cutting elements. It will thus be noted that .the inward movement of the parallel rods 39 and 40 within their. bearing members by reason of pressure applied to the frame at the cross member 49 causes a like inward movement toward the cutting element ofthe pelt supporting section 60. Such inward movement of the several parts may be accomplished by a like movement of the operators body leaning against the cross member 49.

To compel return of the pelt holding construction to its original position, preferably encircle rods 39 and 40 with coil springs 83 and 84 respectively, the rear ends of said coil: springs contacting'box 5 and lug 41 respectively and the forward ends contacting collars 85 and 86 respectively, secured'to the rods by set screws as shown at 87. 'Ihe operator as isxapparent may thus push the work carriage against the opposition of springs 83 and 84 through a distance depending on the llength of the'fur on the skin, the spring when compressed limiting the approach ofthe s in holding member toward the stationary knife.

Collars 8,8- are' secured'to each rod as by set screws 88 to limit the return movement of `the1carriage toward inoperative osition, by contact one with box 5 and the ot er with 111g ,41. I

Mybearings 89 are preferably of Babbitt metal and each is preferably provided with an external circumferential groove 92 into which extends a screw 93 which screw is threaded into cap 90. Any tendency of the bearing to work its way longitudinally out of the box is thus avoided. `To take up wear i ,wear due to'continued operation, the tightening of the screw 93, in contracting the bearing or bushing 89 about the shaft 6, acts to urge the shaft 6 with its associated cutting member 8 toward the right, as viewed in supporti tially as follows:

`Fig.9 and in Fig.A 3, and `thus there is made compensation for the wear not onl in the` aligned bushings which support t e shaft 6 but also in the wear that may take placeat the cutting edges of the blade members 9, as well as the cutting edge 14 of the stationary cutting element 13. Thus, a tightening of the bearings to compensate for wear is made to take place in such manner that the rotary 'cutting element is prevented Ffrom re\ ceding from the stationary blade or cuttingg element 13 and thus continued operation `may take place vwithout necessitating a read'- justmentof` either the cutting'element 13 or its assoclated parte. wing lock nutl 95 serves to lock screw 93 in any osition in `which it may be set. The journal box preferably has a' se rable coverr 90 bolted in place as at 91 w ereby the'bearing is accessible for replacement.` n

The operation omy machine is substan- The .operatbr havin adjusted the skin rod to t e proper height by rotating t e skin supprt rod 6() about theclamping screws 56 and by tightening the latter screws after the proper adjustment has been made, places the pelt or skin to be treatl edvup'on the pelt .supporting rod 60 with the `howardsuthe, cutting elements. soriresses his body against the cross rod -49 the 4rotary"cutting element 8. The'wdotted fur extending outwardly or'in the direction He then and pushes the latterwith itsaparallelrods 39 and`40 and skin sgp'port 60 inwardly un4 till theskin comes intol proper p roximity to the cutting #edge 14 and the b ades 9 'of line position as shown in Figure 1 is illustrative of such inward movement of the several parts. The cutting blades are preferably given'a relatively high rate ofA speed by connection of the pulley 7 to a suitable source of power, whereupon the operator then drawsthe'pelt back and forth across the ysupporting rod 60.

' The cuttin element 9 rapidly rotating withingthe `re atively snug hair box causes a suction action to take place from the exterior past edge 14, into the cavity between thencutter hubV and the hair box 17. This suction action,as already hereinbefore set forth, is brought about by reason of the fact that the eifective tangential opening rovided by the aperture between the pl) ment 13 is so small with respect to the relatively large effective tangential opening furnished byv the discharge passage 17, that air pocketed at the concave sides of the blades 9 of the rotary member 8 may be centrifu ally and hence tangentially-throwu outwardy into and through the discharge passage 17 while a similar action cannot be effectively achieved at the aperture between the plate member 2O and the .knife element 13, vd ue to the fact that the effective tangential opening inherent in this aperture is too slight; the movement of air out of the hairbox 16 and throughthe discharge passage 17 thus results in an inward movement of air orsuction) through the aperture between t e'plate 2O and the knife element 13. The suction draws the hair to be severed in wardly past the edge 14, so that the helical edge 11 in cooperation with ed e 14 may clip these hairs from the fur. T is cutting action taking place in the manner hereinabove described is continuous, as the sucate 20 and the knife elef ceeding edge 11, begins'to cooperate with knife edge 14,'before any partlcular edge has passed the latter. I define the surface `of revolution generated by the cutter as the locus of o eration of'said cutter.

In view of t e rapid rotation of the cutter element within the relatively snug hair box and knife holder the air pocketed between two adjacent blades as they passthe conllO cave surface of the knife holder 'or support is centrifugally thrown outward, thereby effectively blowing the severed 'hair from the cutting edges and the hair box. The severed hair is thus blown out centrifugally through the discharge passage 17.

It is thus `seen that I provide a convenient vrotary cutter element combined with a fan for cleaning out the hair box, or from another point of view I provide a fan construction with blades so arranged as to Ypel"- formvtle `hair clipping function. If I allowed my rotary cutter to operate withina hair "box, cavity materially larger than the surface of revolutionv generated by said cut-i ter the pneumatic actions above set forth would not be satisfactorily realized.

After extended use of the device, as the bearings 89 or any of them, become worn, it is merely necessary to tighten screw 93 and lock it by means of wing nut 95 which action in virtue of the split construction of the bearing will reduce its inner diameter' so as to fit it for proper operation.

When the rotary cutter element becomes dull, it can be shar ened in a manner which is gpb'vious. AThis s arpening will, however,

somewhat reduce the radius of the cutter.

To make allowance for this reduction, it is merely necessary to loosen bolt 31 and to turn screw 34 by handle 37 thereby moving the slide with the attached hair box 17, together with knifeholder or support 105,

knife 13 and guide plate 20, to a small extent to place the latter two elements into cooperation with thev cutter. element in its somewhat reduced dimensions. The eupon head 32 is turned to clamp theknif holder andv slide against base 1, in order to rigidly secure the elements in their adjusted position.

Stationary knife. 13, maybe further adjusted with respect to its holder or sup- As many changes could be made in the above construction and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing from the scope thereof', it vis intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative andnot in a limiting sense.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: j j

"1. In a hair-clipping machine, in` combination, a, rotary member having a cutting blade element spaced from the axis of rotation thereof and adapted upon `rotation of said member to generate by its` cutting edge a cylinder of revolution, said cutting blade element having the intersectingsur-- faces forming the cutting edgel each curved to substantially merge into the`surface of said cylinder of revolution, and a stationary knifeelement cooperating therewith.A

2. a hair-clipping machine, in combination, a rotary hub member havin formed integrally therewith a plurality o cutting elements each comprising a. substantially radially and outwardly extending rib portion gradually tapering outwardly and gradually bending over to terminate in a cut-- ting blade portion formed b the intersect- -ing surfaces of said rib portion, each 0f the said intersecting surfaces being directed substantially tangentially with respect to the surface ofthe cylinder of revolution generated by the"cutt1ng edge thereof, and

a slationary lmife element coacting therewit 3. In a hair-elipping'machine, a rotary cutter com rising` a rotary member having a cutting blade element spaced from the axis ofrotation thereof and adapted upon rotatiorl of said member to generate by its cutting edge a cylinder of revoution, said cutting blade element having the intersecting surfaces forming the cutting edge each directed to be substantially tangential to the surface of the saidcylinder of revolution at the line of intersection thereof with the surface of said cylinder of revolution.

l1.`In a hair-clipping machine, a rotary cutter comprising a rotary hub member having formed integrally therewith a plurality of cutting elements each comprising a substantially radially and outwardly extending rib portion gradually tapering outwardly and bending over to terminate in a cutting blade portion formed by the intersecting surfacesv of said rib portion, each of the said intersecting surfaces being directed substan-A tially tangentially with respect to thesurface of the cylinder of revolution, generated by the cutting edge of said blade portion, at the line of intersection thereof with the surface of said cylinder of revolution.

5. In a hair-clipping machine, in combination, a rotatable cutter member, a stationagy knife element cooperating therewith lfor cuttingl action, means for detachably mounting said stationary knife element adjacent said rotatable cutter member, and

relatively fixed means associated with said I mounting means and adapted to, engage a portion ofthe active edge of the' knife element lfor predetermining the position of and the alinement of said' knife element within said mounting means and with respect to said rotatable cutter member.

6. In'fajhair-clipping machine, in combi- ;nation, a rotatable member having a p`urality o f cutting edges,l a Istationary knife element cooperating therewithfor .cutting action'and positioned substantially tangential with res ecttosaid rotatable cutter member, means` for detachably mounting said stationary knife e`ement, and means adapted to engage the active edge of the knife element' for xmg the position of the 'said active edge of said knife element with respect to said rotatable cuttbr member.

7. In a hair-clippingmachine, in combination, a rotatable cut-ter member, a knife element cooperating therewith -for cuttlng action, means adapted to engage the active edge of said knife element. at two spaced points thereof forv reventing movement of said knife element within its own .p ane beyond apredetermined position with respect to said rotatable cutter member and adapted thereby to directly aline the active edge of said knife element with respect to said rotatable cutter member, and means to ypermit adjustment of said rotatable cutter member and said knife element with respect. to one another.

8. In a hair clipping machine, in combination, a rotatable cutter member, a pair of ways, a knife blade mounted within said waysfor cooperation with said rotatable cutter member, means for preventing said knife `blade from assuming a position withv in said ways beyond a predetermined limit with respect 'to said rotatable cutter member and meansv for .forcing `said, ways toward each other to clamp said knife blade in position.

9. In 'a hair clipping machine, in combi-l.

to a predetermined position and adapted thereb to directly align the cutting edge of sai blade with respect to said vrotatable .cutter member.

` 10. In a hair clipping machine, in combination, a rotatable cutter member, a pivot- `ally mounted holder, a knife blademeans on said holder ,for detachably'y mounting said knife blade in a position for cooperavtion with said cutter member, means forA locking said holder in a predetermined position about its pivot, and means for reventing-the active edge of lsaid knife b ade from extending beyond the locus of operation of saidvrotatable cutter member.

11. In a hair clipping machine, in combination, a horizontal shaft, a rotatable cutter member thereon, a carriage adapted to be moved in a directionfrsubstantially at e0' right angles to the axisl of said shaft, means for movingsaid carriage, a knife holder on said carriage and pivotaly mounted with respect thereto, a knife blade secured to said holderadapted to cooperate with said rotatable cutter member, and means for locking may lSSllIIle said knifeA holder and said carriage justed position. s v

12. In a hair clipping machine, in combi-- nation, a rotatable cutter member, a knife blade having a ongitudinally extending cutting edge and lateral supporting edges,

mean'svcomprising "a pair of waysmeach' adapted to envage .one of said lateral supi porting edges for mounting said'knife blade'l in position to cooperate with said .frotatable cutter member, and means for forcing said waystoward each other thereby, to clamp said knife bade in position. Y

13. Ina hair clipping machine, in combination, a rotatable cutter member, a knife blade, a pair of ways` fo-r supporting said `knife blade in position to cooperate with said rotary cutter. member, means forradjusting said pair of ways with respect to the locus of operation of saidI rotatable cutter member thereby to adjust said knife `,blade 'with respect to said cutter member,

and a limiting stop associated with each of said ways and positioned to engage the'c'utting edge of said blade forlimiting the position. within said ways of said knife blade.

14. Ina hair-clipping machine,- in combination, a rotary cutter comprising -a rotary hub member' havin tegrally therewith"a plurahty of helical cutting elements each comprising -a substantially radial? and outwardly extending rib portion gra ually tapering outwardly and bending over to terminate in a cutting blade portion formed by the intersecting sur-l faces of said rib portion, each of said intersecting surfaces being directed substantially.

tangentially with respect to the surface of the cylinder of revolution, generated byr the cutting edge of said blade portion, at the line of intersection` thereof with the surface of said cylinder of revolution.

15. In a hair removing machine, in combination, a rotarycutter, a stationary knife A elementwith which saidcutter coacts and having an active edge and beveled lateral edges, a frame for supporting said lmife having a part overlapping said beveled edges, and limiting stops for said knife, associated with said frame and adapted to predetermine the position which said knife with respect to said rotary cutter. l

16. In-a machine of the class described, in combination, a rotatable cutter member and a stationary knife element cooperating therewith, a main frame comprising substantially two parallel rods, a pelt-holding member mounted upon said parallel rods, a pair of means for pivotally mounting said pelt-holding member upon said parallel rods to permit adjustment of'said member vertically about said pivoting means with respect to said cutting members, aswell as formed 1n- 1 means incorporated in saidpivoted mounting means to permit said peli-holding member to be locked in its adjusted Vertical posi- .tion about sa-id pivoting means.

' 17. AIn a hair-severingg, machine, in combination, a 'rotatable cutter member, a stationary' knife element cooperating therewith, a shaftfor rotatably supporting said cutter member, a split bearing for rotatably supporting said shaft, and means operative upon said split bearin adapted to contract said bearing .to take gip wear therein and adapted upon contraction of said bearingto Aurge said sha-'ft with said cuttermember toward said stationary knifelelement.

18. In a hair clipping machine or the like, in combination, a shaft, a rotatable cutter member thereon, xed bearings ifor said shaft, a stationary knife element cooperatingwith said rotatable member for cutting action, and means for adjusting said knife element about an axis at right angles to said-,shaft and substantially .parallel to the plane ofsaid stationary knife element.

19.In a hair clipping machine, or the like, in combination, ahorizontal shaft, a

rotatable vcutter member thereon, a slide, a

knife support on said slide, a knife element secured to said support and a single screw substantially perpendicular to said slide for securing sald support to said slide, whereby said Support with its knife element may said split bearing with the split therein on that side of said shaft ,remote from said stationary knife element, and clamping means for contracting said split bearing to take up wear therein and acting upon said bearing to urge 'said shaft and said rotary cutter member towards said stationary knife element. i

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specication this first day of July.

GUSTAV BOESCH. 

